Multistage Centrifugal Pressure system and its Function

Multistage Centrifugal pumps are the most preferred Hydraulic pressure system used in domestic and industrial areas. Many Hydraulic pressure systems employ centrifugal pumps to move fluid through a piping system. These pumps all rely on centrifugal force as the fundamental principle by which they operate. A few fundamental characteristics of the centrifugal pump are listed here in order to make the functioning more clearly: The centrifugal pump is a dynamic pump and works by creating kinetic energy. Its main part is the impeller, which is really the driving force behind the creation of kinetic energy. The impellers may use either a single shaft to mount impellers over, or it may have different shafts as well.  These are capable of discharging large amount of fluid being pumped. The impeller of the centrifugal pump is available in both straight vanes and curved vanes to suit the pumping requirement as the case may be. The impeller is fitted inside a casing. As a result the water moves out will be collected inside it, and will move in the same direction of rotation of the impeller, to the discharge nozzle. The centrifugal pump is not a self-primed machine. It needs to be filled with liquid first and then set to operate. The pump drive is located outside the tank and can be electric, hydraulic or any appropriate means suitable for the location.

There is another type of centrifugal pump available, which has two or more impellers assembled with it. This type of the centrifugal pump is known as the multistage centrifugal pump. The design structure although may differ. Most centrifugal pumps rely on rotating impellers or vanes to provide rotary motion, though the design and implementation of these systems can vary according to capacity and project requirements. At the heart of the system lies impeller. It has a series of curved vanes fitted inside the shroud plates. The impeller is always immersed in the water. When the impeller is made to rotate, it makes the fluid surrounding it also rotate. Pumps of this kind create an advanced pressure discharging a larger quality of liquid. Pumps with high heads have connected series of impellers

Types of Impeller

The impeller type we have used for the discussion so far is called as an enclosed type. Here vanes are closed from both the ends with shroud plates. Other types of impeller which are used in industry are Semi open and open impellers. Pumps where higher centrifugal pressure head is to be created, the impellers have to be mounted on same shaft resulting in larger discharge of liquid.